.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

Here your aim in the rst few slides of the presentation is to bring to bear the best of your ability to make the topic of your course emotionally relevant to your students and to set the framework that will guide your students understanding of the rest of the material to follow in the class Instead of potentially losing students interest and motivation to learn, here you ll help them maintain interest from the rst slide to the last In the example Act I shown in Figure 9-27, you are an instructor teaching a class on DNA, and you introduce the Setting as DNA is one of the great scienti c discoveries of all time and then engage the students by placing them in the Role as In this class, you will somehow get to play a role in discovering it for yourself.

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Dir.chdir("/usr/bin")

You can find out what the current directory is with Dir.pwd. For example, here s the result on my installation:

Next the challenge the students face in Point A is Without knowing how to approach it, DNA seems like an unsolvable puzzle, and Point B is You d like to solve the puzzle to discover the big picture So how do the students resolve the tension between not knowing how to approach the puzzle of DNA and solving it By following your Call to Action, Solve the DNA puzzle in three steps..

You can get a list of the files and directories within a specific directory using Dir.entries:

Sometimes it can be useful to allow the user to supply any number of parameters. For example, in the name-storing program (described earlier in this chapter), you can store only one name at a time. It would be nice to be able to store more names, like this: >>> store(data, name1, name2, name3) For this to be useful, you should be allowed to supply as many names as you wanted. Actually, that s quite possible. Try the following function definition: def print_params(*params): print params Here, I seemingly specify only one parameter, but it has an odd little star (or asterisk) in front of it. What does that mean Let s call the function with a single parameter and see what happens: >>> print_params('Testing') ('Testing',) You can see that what is printed out is a tuple because it has a comma in it. (Those tuples of length one are a bit odd, aren t they ) So using a star in front of a parameter puts it in a tuple The plural in params ought to give a clue about what s going on:

puts Dir.entries("/usr/bin").join(' ')

With an engaging start to the presentation in writing in Act I, the next step is to complete the Act II columns of the story template. Begin by renaming the Key Point column

. .. a2p aclocal aclocal-1.6 addftinfo afmtodit alias amlint ant appleping appletviewer apply apropos apt ar arch as asa at at_cho_prn atlookup atos atprint...items removed for brevity... zless zmore znew zprint

Dir.entries returns an array with all the entries within the specified directory. Dir.foreach provides the same feature, but as an iterator: Dir.foreach("/usr/bin") do |entry| puts entry end

>>> print_params(1, 2, 3) (1, 2, 3) The star in front of the parameter puts all the values into the same tuple. It gathers them up, so to speak. I wonder if we can combine this with ordinary parameters . . . Let s write another function and see: def print_params_2(title, *params): print title print params Let s try it: >>> print_params_2('Params:', 1, 2, 3) Params: (1, 2, 3) It works! So the star means Gather up the rest of the positional parameters. I bet if I don t give any parameters to gather, params will be an empty tuple: >>> print_params_2('Nothing:') Nothing: () Indeed. How useful. Does it handle keyword arguments (the same as parameters), too >>> print_params_2('Hmm...', something=42) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#60>", line 1, in print_params_2('Hmm...', something=42) TypeError: print_params_2() got an unexpected keyword argument 'something' Doesn t look like it. So we probably need another gathering operator for keyword arguments. What do you think that might be Perhaps ** def print_params_3(**params): print params At least the interpreter doesn t complain about the function. Let s try to call it: >>> print_params_3(x=1, y=2, z=3) {'z': 3, 'x': 1, 'y': 2} Yep. We get a dictionary rather than a tuple. Let s put them all together: def print_params_4(x, y, z=3, *pospar, **keypar): print x, y, z print pospar print keypar This works just like expected: >>> print_params_4(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, foo=1, bar=2) 1 2 3

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